| Trace element | High-affinity transporters | Major user form | Metalloproteins and selenoproteins | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prokaryotes | Eukaryotes | Prokaryotes | Eukaryotes | ||
| Molybdenum (Mo) | ModABC WtpABC TupABC |
MOT1 | Moco | Xanthine oxidase Sulfite oxidase DMSO reductase Aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase |
Xanthine oxidase Sulfite oxidase |
| Nickel (Ni) | Cbi/NikMNQO/KMLQO NikABCDE NiCoT HupE/UreJ UreH Other Co transporters (CbtAB, CbtC, CbtD, CbtE, CbtF, CbtG and CbtX) |
NiCoT UreH TgMTP1 |
Ni | Urease Ni-Fe hydrogenase Ni carbon monoxide dehydrogenase Acetyl-coenzyme A decarbonylase/synthase Ni SodN Methyl-coenzyme M reductase |
Urease |
| Cobalt (Co) | - | B12 | Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (also including isobutyryl-CoA mutase and ethylmalonyl-CoA mutase) Glutamate mutase Methyleneglutarate mutase D-lysine 5,6-aminomutase Diol/glycerol dehydratase Ethanolamine ammonia lyase RNR II (B12-dependent ribonucleotide reductase) MetH B12-dependent methyltransferase: Mta, Mtm, Mtb, Mtt, Mts and Mtv B12-dependent dehalogenase Novel B12-containing protein Co-containing nitrile hydratase | Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase RNR II MetH |
|
| Copper (Cu) | CtaA (importer) CopA (exporter) CutC (exporter) CusCBA/CFBA (exporter) |
Ctr1 (importer) CutC (exporter) ATP7 (exporter) |
Cu | Plastocyanin family (plastocyanin, amicyanin, pseudoazurin, halocyanin, etc.) Azurin family (including azurin and auracyanin) Rusticyanin Nitrosocyanin COX I COX II Nitrous oxide reductase NADH dehydrogenase 2 CuZn SOD Copper amine oxidase Particulate methane monooxygenase Nitrite reductase Multicopper oxidase (CueO, laccase, bilirubin oxidase, phenoxazinone synthase, etc.) Tyrosinase |
Plastocyanin family Plantacyanin family (including plantacyanin, umecyanin, mavicyanin, stellacyanin, etc.) COX I COX II CuZn SOD Copper amine oxidase Peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase Dopamine beta-monooxygenase Multicopper oxidase (laccase, Fet3p, hephaestin, ceruloplasmin, etc.) Tyrosinase Hemocyanin Cnx1G Galactose oxidase |
| Selenium (Se) | - | - | Selenocysteine (Sec) | FdhA (formate dehydrogenase) Selenophosphate synthetase FrhA (coenzyme F420-reducing hydrogenase alpha subunit) FrhD (coenzyme F420-reducing hydrogenase delta subunit) Glycine reductase selenoprotein A Glycine reductase selenoprotein B Peroxiredoxin (Prx) Thioredoxin (Trx) Glutaredoxin (Grx) HdrA (heterodisulfide reductase alpha subunit) HesB-like Proline reductase Deiodinase GPx (glutathione peroxidase SelW (selenoprotein W) MsrA (methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase) Fe-S oxidoreductase DsbA-like DsrE-like AhpD-like Arsenate reductase MoeB (molybdopterin biosynthesis protein) GST-like OsmC-like Rhodanese-related protein Methylated-DNA-protein-cysteine methyltransferase UGSC-containing Arsenite S-adenosylmethyltransferase Prx-like Trx-like Grx-like Thiol:disulfide interchange protein BFD/(2Fe-2S)-binding domain-containing protein Homolog of AhpF N-terminal domain UshA Other predicted selenoproteins |
Deiodinase family: D1, D2, D3 GPx family: GPx1-4 and GPx6 TR family: TR1, TGR and TR3 Sep15 (15-kDa selenoprotein) SelR (methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase 1 or MsrB1) Selenophosphate synthetase 2 SelP (selenoprotein P) SelW (selenoprotein W) SelH (selenoprotein H) SelI (selenoprotein I) SelK (selenoprotein K) SelM (selenoprotein M) SelN (selenoprotein N) SelO (selenoprotein O) SelS (selenoprotein S) SelT (selenoprotein T) SelV (selenoprotein V) MsrA PDI (protein disulfide isomerase) SelU (Selenoprotein U) SelJ (selenoprotein J) SelL (selenoprotein L) Fep15 (Fish 15kDa selenoprotein-like) SAM dependent methyltransferase Prx-like Trx-like Predicted membrane selenoprotein SelTryp Other predicted selenoproteins |